Resúmenes Epistemonikos
Medwave2017;17(Suppl2):e6918 doi: 10.5867/medwave.2017.6918
¿Es efectivo el nintedanib para la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática?
Is nintedanib effective for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Alejandro Jeldres, Gonzalo Labarca
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Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has poor prognosis and effective therapies are scarce. In the search for treatments that can modify the course of the disease, nintedanib (BIBF 1120), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has emerged as an alternative. However, its role is still unclear. To answer this question, we searched in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple sources of information. We identified seven systematic reviews including seven randomized trials overall. We extracted data, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. We concluded nintedanib probably decreases the risk of acute exacerbations, and might reduce mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, it is probably not associated with serious adverse events.


 
Problem

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a rare condition of unknown etiology [1]. The prognosis of this disease is poor and until the last decade, there were no interventions with a proven benefit on survival [2]. After diagnosis, survival decreases rapidly and factors such as acute exacerbations, time to disease progression and deterioration in respiratory functions are associated with a poorer prognosis [3],[4].

Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) is an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinase related signals through its binding to growth factor receptors. Among the most important are vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor [5]. An initial trial reported efficacy of this drug [6], which was later replicated, so the FDA approved this drug for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in 2015 [7],[8].

Methods

We used Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases, to identify systematic reviews and their included primary studies. With this information, we generated a structured summary using a pre-established format, which includes key messages, a summary of the body of evidence (presented as an evidence matrix in Epistemonikos), meta-analysis of the total of studies, a summary of findings table following the GRADE approach and a table of other considerations for decision-making.

Key messages

  • Nintedanib probably decreases the risk of acute exacerbations, and might reduce mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
  • Nintedanib is probably not associated with serious adverse events.
About the body of evidence for this question

What is the evidence.
See evidence matrix  in Epistemonikos later

We found seven systematic reviews, reported in eight references [9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16] including seven randomized controlled trials reported in 10 references [6],[7],[17],[18],[19],[20],[21],[22],[23],[24].

What types of patients were included

Three trials included patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis according to ATS / ERS 2011 criteria [6],[18],[19].

All of the trials included patients over 40 years of age.

One trial included patients with PaO2 ≥55 mmHg at rest and room air, patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis within 5 years prior to enrollment and patients with high resolution computed tomography performed less than 1 year prior to enrollment [6].

Four trials included patients with functional vital capacity greater than or equal to 50% [6],[18],[19],[20]. Three trials included patients with a test of carbon monoxide diffusion capacity between 30% and 79% [6],[18],[19].

What types of interventions were included

All of the trials used nintedanib as monotherapy at a dose of 300 mg daily.

Three trials used an increasing dose of nintedanib until reaching the target dose of 300 mg daily [6],[20],[21].

All trials compared against placebo or standard treatment.

What types of outcomes
were measured

The different systematic reviews identified grouped the outcomes as follows:

  1. Mortality from any cause and related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  2. Acute exacerbations
  3. Non-serious and severe adverse events (mainly gastrointestinal)
  4. Functional vital capacity drop > o = 10%
  5. Change in predicted functional vital capacity
  6. Change in walking test in 6 minutes
  7. Quality of life
  8. Scale of dyspnea
Summary of findings

The information on the effects of nintedanib is based on three randomized trials [6],[18],[19] which included 1231 patients. The other four trials were not used in this analysis because they did not report enough data to be incorporated into a meta-analysis. All trials measured mortality, acute exacerbations, and serious adverse events. The summary of findings is as follows:

  • Nintedanib might reduce mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The certainty of the evidence is low.
  • Nintedanib probably decreases the risk of acute exacerbations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The certainty of the evidence is moderate.
  • Nintedanib is probably not associated with serious adverse events. The certainty of the evidence is moderate.

Other considerations for decision-making

To whom this evidence does and does not apply

  • This evidence applies to adult patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Overall, the trials evaluated patients with a disease classified as mild to moderate, so it is not possible to extrapolate the findings to patients with more severe forms of disease, in whom the main benefit would be achieved through lung transplantation.
About the outcomes included in this summary
  • The outcomes that were included in this summary are those considered critical for decision-making by the authors of this article.
  • No results were included for pulmonary function tests, since these are surrogate outcomes. However, their inclusion would not have changed the conclusions. For example, RR for the fall in FVC> o = 10% was 0.72 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.85; high certainty).
Balance between benefits and risks, and certainty of the evidence
  • Nintedanib shows a clear benefit on the outcomes we consider relevant, and in addition, probably has no serious adverse effects.
  • The balance between benefits and risks is favorable to this intervention.
What would patients and their doctors think about this intervention
  • According to the evidence presented in this summary, both patients and clinicians should be inclined to use nintedanib.
  • However, considering the costs and the uncertainty about mortality, it is expected that the decision-making will vary in a case-by-case basis.
Resource considerations
  • It is a high-cost therapy that is not widely available. It is difficult to estimate the cost benefit due to the existing uncertainty about the effect on mortality. If only the effect on exacerbations, and not mortality, were real, it is possible that in most scenarios it would not be a cost-effective intervention.
  • It is reasonable to carry out a formal economic evaluation in the scenarios in which this intervention is intended to be incorporated.

Differences between this summary and other sources

  • The conclusions of this summary are consistent with those of the systematic reviews that were analyzed.
  • The conclusions of this summary are also consistent with the main guideline in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [25] which recommends nintedanib, but warns about the limitations of existing evidence.
Could this evidence change in the future?
  • The likelihood that future evidence changes the conclusions of this summary is moderate, especially in terms of mortality, and also in terms of the magnitude of benefits, which may be important to balance with the cost of the intervention.
How we conducted this summary

Using automated and collaborative means, we compiled all the relevant evidence for the question of interest and we present it as a matrix of evidence.

Follow the link to access the interactive version: Nintedanib for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Notes

The upper portion of the matrix of evidence will display a warning of “new evidence” if new systematic reviews are published after the publication of this summary. Even though the project considers the periodical update of these summaries, users are invited to comment in Medwave or to contact the authors through email if they find new evidence and the summary should be updated earlier. After creating an account in Epistemonikos, users will be able to save the matrixes and to receive automated notifications any time new evidence potentially relevant for the question appears.

The details about the methods used to produce these summaries are described here http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2014.06.5997.

Epistemonikos foundation is a non-for-profit organization aiming to bring information closer to health decision-makers with technology. Its main development is Epistemonikos database (www.epistemonikos.org).

These summaries follow a rigorous process of internal peer review.

Conflicts of interest
The authors do not have relevant interests to declare.

Licencia Creative Commons Esta obra de Medwave está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 3.0 Unported. Esta licencia permite el uso, distribución y reproducción del artículo en cualquier medio, siempre y cuando se otorgue el crédito correspondiente al autor del artículo y al medio en que se publica, en este caso, Medwave.

 

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has poor prognosis and effective therapies are scarce. In the search for treatments that can modify the course of the disease, nintedanib (BIBF 1120), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has emerged as an alternative. However, its role is still unclear. To answer this question, we searched in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple sources of information. We identified seven systematic reviews including seven randomized trials overall. We extracted data, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. We concluded nintedanib probably decreases the risk of acute exacerbations, and might reduce mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, it is probably not associated with serious adverse events.

Autores: Alejandro Jeldres[1,2], Gonzalo Labarca[2,3,4,5]

Filiación:
[1] Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
[2] Proyecto Epistemonikos, Santiago, Chile
[3] Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepción, Chile
[4] Departamento de Medicina Interna, Complejo Asistencial Dr. VÍctor RÍos Ruiz, Los Ángeles, Chile
[5] Programa de Salud Basada en Evidencia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

E-mail: glabarcat@gmail.com

Correspondencia a:
[1] Facultad de Medicina
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Diagonal Paraguay 476
Santiago Centro
Chile.

Citación: Jeldres A, Labarca G. Is nintedanib effective for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?. Medwave2017;17(Suppl2):e6918 doi: 10.5867/medwave.2017.6918

Fecha de publicación: 10/4/2017

Ficha PubMed

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  1. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Mar 15;183(6):788-824 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  2. Spagnolo P, Del Giovane C, Luppi F, Cerri S, Balduzzi S, Walters EH, et al. Non-steroid agents for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8;(9):CD003134 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  3. Vancheri C, Failla M, Crimi N, Raghu G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a disease with similarities and links to cancer biology. Eur Respir J. 2010 Mar;35(3):496-504 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  4. Raghu G, Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Bradford WZ, Oster G. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct 1;174(7):810-6 | PubMed |
  5. Selman M, King TE, Pardo A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevailing and evolving hypotheses about its pathogenesis and implications for therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jan 16;134(2):136-51 | PubMed |
  6. Richeldi L, Costabel U, Selman M, Kim DS, Hansell DM, Nicholson AG, et al. Efficacy of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 22;365(12):1079-87 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  7. Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G, Azuma A, Brown KK, Costabel U, et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014 May 29;370(22):2071-82 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  8. Fda.gov [Online] Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205832Orig1s000Lbl.pdf. [Accessed 28 November 2016]. | Link |
  9. Atkins CP, Loke YK, Wilson AM. Outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis from placebo controlled trials. Respir Med. 2014 Feb;108(2):376-87 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  10. Canestaro WJ, Forrester SH, Raghu G, Ho L, Devine BE. Drug Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Chest. 2016 Mar;149(3):756-66 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  11. Loveman E, Copley VR, Colquitt JL, Scott DA, Clegg AJ, Jones J, et al. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: systematic review, network meta-analysis and health economic evaluation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014 Nov 19;15:63 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  12. Loveman E, Copley VR, Colquitt J, Scott DA, Clegg A, Jones J, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015 Mar;19(20):i-xxiv, 1-336 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  13. Loveman E, Copley VR, Scott DA, Colquitt JL, Clegg AJ, O'Reilly KM. Comparing new treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis--a network meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2015 Apr 18;15:37 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  14. Nintedanib for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis – first line. Birmingham: NIHR Horizon Scanning Centre (NIHR HSC). Horizon Scanning Review. 2013 | Link |
  15. Rochwerg B, Neupane B, Zhang Y, Garcia CC, Raghu G, Richeldi L, et al. Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a network meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2016 Feb 3;14:18 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  16. Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Cavalli F, Matera MG, Cazzola M. Pirfenidone, nintedanib and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Oct;40:95-103 | CrossRef | PubMed |
  17. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and efficacy of BIBF 1120 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00514683. | Link |
  18. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and efficacy of BIBF 1120 at high dose in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01335464. | Link |
  19. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and Efficacy of BIBF 1120 at high dose in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients II. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01335477. | Link |
  20. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and PK study of BIBF 1120 in Japanese patients with IPF. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01136174. | Link |
  21. ClinicalTrials.gov. Roll over study from 1199.30 BIBF 1120 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01170065. | Link |
  22. ClinicalTrials.gov. Follow up Study From 1199.31(NCT01136174). [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01417156. | Link |
  23. ClinicalTrials.gov. extension trial of the long term safety of BIBF 1120 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01619085. | Link |
  24. EU Clinical Trials Register. A phase II open label, roll over study of the long term tolerability, safety and efficacy of oral BIBF 1120 in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2009-013788-21/BE. | Link |
  25. Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y, Garcia CA, Azuma A, Behr J, et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An Update of the 2011 Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Jul 15;192(2):e3-19 | CrossRef | PubMed |
Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Mar 15;183(6):788-824 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Spagnolo P, Del Giovane C, Luppi F, Cerri S, Balduzzi S, Walters EH, et al. Non-steroid agents for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8;(9):CD003134 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Vancheri C, Failla M, Crimi N, Raghu G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a disease with similarities and links to cancer biology. Eur Respir J. 2010 Mar;35(3):496-504 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Raghu G, Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Bradford WZ, Oster G. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct 1;174(7):810-6 | PubMed |

Selman M, King TE, Pardo A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevailing and evolving hypotheses about its pathogenesis and implications for therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jan 16;134(2):136-51 | PubMed |

Richeldi L, Costabel U, Selman M, Kim DS, Hansell DM, Nicholson AG, et al. Efficacy of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 22;365(12):1079-87 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G, Azuma A, Brown KK, Costabel U, et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014 May 29;370(22):2071-82 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Fda.gov [Online] Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205832Orig1s000Lbl.pdf. [Accessed 28 November 2016]. | Link |

Atkins CP, Loke YK, Wilson AM. Outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis from placebo controlled trials. Respir Med. 2014 Feb;108(2):376-87 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Canestaro WJ, Forrester SH, Raghu G, Ho L, Devine BE. Drug Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Chest. 2016 Mar;149(3):756-66 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Loveman E, Copley VR, Colquitt JL, Scott DA, Clegg AJ, Jones J, et al. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: systematic review, network meta-analysis and health economic evaluation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014 Nov 19;15:63 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Loveman E, Copley VR, Colquitt J, Scott DA, Clegg A, Jones J, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015 Mar;19(20):i-xxiv, 1-336 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Loveman E, Copley VR, Scott DA, Colquitt JL, Clegg AJ, O'Reilly KM. Comparing new treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis--a network meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2015 Apr 18;15:37 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Nintedanib for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis – first line. Birmingham: NIHR Horizon Scanning Centre (NIHR HSC). Horizon Scanning Review. 2013 | Link |

Rochwerg B, Neupane B, Zhang Y, Garcia CC, Raghu G, Richeldi L, et al. Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a network meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2016 Feb 3;14:18 | CrossRef | PubMed |

Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Cavalli F, Matera MG, Cazzola M. Pirfenidone, nintedanib and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Oct;40:95-103 | CrossRef | PubMed |

ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and efficacy of BIBF 1120 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00514683. | Link |

ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and efficacy of BIBF 1120 at high dose in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01335464. | Link |

ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and Efficacy of BIBF 1120 at high dose in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients II. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01335477. | Link |

ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and PK study of BIBF 1120 in Japanese patients with IPF. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01136174. | Link |

ClinicalTrials.gov. Roll over study from 1199.30 BIBF 1120 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01170065. | Link |

ClinicalTrials.gov. Follow up Study From 1199.31(NCT01136174). [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01417156. | Link |

ClinicalTrials.gov. extension trial of the long term safety of BIBF 1120 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [Online] Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01619085. | Link |

EU Clinical Trials Register. A phase II open label, roll over study of the long term tolerability, safety and efficacy of oral BIBF 1120 in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2009-013788-21/BE. | Link |

Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y, Garcia CA, Azuma A, Behr J, et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An Update of the 2011 Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Jul 15;192(2):e3-19 | CrossRef | PubMed |