Research papers
Medwave 2020;20(4):e7904 doi: 10.5867/medwave.2020.04.7904
Psychomotor development of children from Chilean and Haitian parents in kindergartens of the district of Coquimbo, Chile: A descriptive study
Álvaro Puelles-Díaz, Héctor Illanes-González, Yordan Órdenes, Estefanía Gallardo
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Key Words: Psychomotor, Development, Ethnicity, Chile

Abstract

Introduction
This study aims to describe the psychomotor development of children, the offspring of Chilean and Haitian parents, and who attend the local kindergartens.

Methods
The design of this study was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study population was children 3 to 24 months-old, belonging to kindergartens, evaluated with the Psychomotor Development Assessment Scale (EEDP) regarding psychomotor development profile for the domains of language, socialization, coordination, and motor skills. A questionnaire was administered to the parents to determine the socioeconomic level, educational level, and parenting skills.

Results
Twenty-four infants, 12 children of Chilean parents, and 12 children of Haitian parents were evaluated. The EEDP classification (p = 0.299) did not show significant differences between both groups. In children of Chilean parents, 25% (3/12) classified as delay, while 75% (9/12) as normal. On the other hand, for children of Haitian parents, 8.3% (1/12) classified as risk, while 91.7% (11/12) as normal. There are significant differences in coordination (p = 0.006), in which Haitian children achieved better performance compared to the Chilean.

Conclusions
It is necessary to emphasize every domain of infant psychomotor development and the multiple sociocultural variables that can influence this. Current evaluation methods do not presently have an intercultural character.


 

 

No English version is available for this article.

 

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Introduction
This study aims to describe the psychomotor development of children, the offspring of Chilean and Haitian parents, and who attend the local kindergartens.

Methods
The design of this study was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study population was children 3 to 24 months-old, belonging to kindergartens, evaluated with the Psychomotor Development Assessment Scale (EEDP) regarding psychomotor development profile for the domains of language, socialization, coordination, and motor skills. A questionnaire was administered to the parents to determine the socioeconomic level, educational level, and parenting skills.

Results
Twenty-four infants, 12 children of Chilean parents, and 12 children of Haitian parents were evaluated. The EEDP classification (p = 0.299) did not show significant differences between both groups. In children of Chilean parents, 25% (3/12) classified as delay, while 75% (9/12) as normal. On the other hand, for children of Haitian parents, 8.3% (1/12) classified as risk, while 91.7% (11/12) as normal. There are significant differences in coordination (p = 0.006), in which Haitian children achieved better performance compared to the Chilean.

Conclusions
It is necessary to emphasize every domain of infant psychomotor development and the multiple sociocultural variables that can influence this. Current evaluation methods do not presently have an intercultural character.

Authors: Álvaro Puelles-Díaz[1], Héctor Illanes-González[2], Yordan Órdenes[2], Estefanía Gallardo[2]

Affiliation:
[1] Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
[2] Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, La Serena, Chile

E-mail: apuelles@userena.cl

Author address:
[1] Benavente 980
La Serena
Chile

Citation: Puelles-Díaz A, Illanes-González H, Órdenes Y, Gallardo E. Psychomotor development of children from Chilean and Haitian parents in kindergartens of the district of Coquimbo, Chile: A descriptive study. Medwave 2020;20(4):e7904 doi: 10.5867/medwave.2020.04.7904

Submission date: 12/3/2019

Acceptance date: 8/12/2019

Publication date: 31/12/1969

Origin: Not commissioned.

Type of review: Externally peer-reviewed by four reviewers, double-blind.

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  1. Vericat A, Bibiana Orden A. Psychomotor development and its disorders: between normal and pathological development. Cien Saude Colet. 2013 Oct;18(10):2977-84. | CrossRef | PubMed |
  2. Contigo CC. Análisis de Intrumentos para la Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil de Niños (as) de 0 a 4 años en Chile. Medwave Estud Limitada. 2017: 2. [Internet] | Link |
  3. López-Chicharro L, Lopez-Mojares J. Fisiología Clínica del Ejercicio. Editorial Medica Panamericana. 2008: 3-5.
  4. Córdoba D. Desarrollo cognitivo, sensorial, motor y psicomotor en la infancia. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 2011;53: 1689-1699.
  5. Kelly Y, Sacker A, Schoon I, Nazroo J. Ethnic differences in achievement of developmental milestones by 9 months of age: The Millennium Cohort Study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Oct;48(10):825-30. | CrossRef | PubMed |
  6. Ertem IO, Krishnamurthy V, Mulaudzi MC, Sguassero Y, Balta H, Gulumser O, et al. Similarities and differences in child development from birth to age 3 years by sex and across four countries: a cross-sectional, observational study. Lancet Glob Health. 2018 Mar;6(3):e279-e291. | CrossRef | PubMed |
  7. Saccani R, Valentini NC. Cross-cultural analysis of the motor development of Brazilian, Greek and Canadian infants assessed with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2013 Sep;31(3):350-8. | CrossRef | PubMed |
  8. Doussoulin Sanhueza A. Psychomotor development, environmental stimulation, and socioeconomic level of preschoolers in Temuco, Chile. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2006 Summer;18(2):141-7. | CrossRef | PubMed |
  9. Torralva T, Gugnasco I, Manso M, Sauton F, Ferrero M, O´Donnell A, et al. Desarollo mental y motor en los primeros años de vida: su relación con la estimulación ambiental y el nivel socio-económico. Arch Argent Pediatr. 1999;97(5):306–16. [Internet] | Link |
  10. Contreras D, González S. Determinants of early child development in Chile: Health, cognitive and demographic factors. Int J Educ Dev. 2015;40:217–30. | CrossRef |
  11. Valdes M, Spencer R. Influencia Del Nivel Socioeconomico Familiar Sobre El Desarrollo Psicomotor De Niños Y Niñas De 4 a 5 Años De Edad De La Ciudad De Talca - Chile. Theoria, Vol. 20 (2): 29-43, 2011.
  12. Mathiesen De Gregori M, Herrera Garbarini M, Merino Escobar J, Domínguez Ramírez P. Características familiares y desarrollo en niños y niñas de dos y tres años que asisten a sala cuna. Estud pedagógicos. 2009;35(2):91–104. | CrossRef |
  13. Álvarez MPS, Besoain C, Escobar MJ. Monoparentalidad, trabajo materno y desarrollo psicomotor infantil: Un estudio chileno en niños que asisten a salas cuna en contexto de pobreza. Univ Psychol. 2015;14(2):675–84. | CrossRef |
  14. Soler Limón K, Rivera González I, Figueroa Olea M, Sánchez Pérez L, Sánchez Pérez M. Relación entre las características del ambiente psicosocial en el hogar y el desarrollo psicomotor en el niño menor a 36 meses de edad. Boletín Médico Hosp Infant México. 2007;64:273–87. [Internet] | Link |
  15. Departamento de extranjería y migración. Minuta: Migración Haitiana en Chile. Minist del Inter y Segur pública. 2018.
  16. Hernandez Sampieri R, Fernandez Collado C, Baptista Lucio M. Metodología de la investigación. McGraw-Hill; 2014;5.
  17. Rodríguez S, Arancibia V, Undurraga C. Escala de evaluación del Desarrollo Psicomotor de 0 a 24 meses. Editor Galdoc. 1985.
  18. Vericat A, Orden AB. Herramientas de screening del desarrollo psicomotor en Latinoamérica. Rev Chil de Pediatr. 2010;81(5):391–401. | CrossRef |
  19. Arriagada MV. Relación entre el nivel educacional de los padres y el desarrollo psicomotor de niños y niñas de la ciudad de Talca (Chile). Rev Iberoam Psicomot y técnicas corporales. 2005;(17):5–26. [Internet] | Link |
  20. Isaza Valencia L, Henao López GC. Influencia del clima sociofamiliar y estilos de interacción parental sobre el desarrollo de habilidades sociales en niños y niñas. Persona. 2012;253–71. [Internet] | Link |
  21. Schonhaut BL, Maggiolo LM, De Barbieri OZ, Rojas NP, Salgado VAM. Dificultades de lenguaje en preescolares: Concordancia entre el test TEPSI y la evaluación fonoaudiológica. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2007;4(78):369–75. | CrossRef |
  22. Council on Communications and Media, Brown A. Media use by children younger than 2 years. Pediatrics. 2011 Nov;128(5):1040-5. | CrossRef | PubMed |
  23. Robles H. La Coordinacion y Motriicidad asociada a la madurez mental en niños de 4 a 8 años. Av Psicol. 2008;1(16):139–54. [Internet] | Link |
  24. Anderson DR, Pempek TA. Television and very young children. American Behavioral Scientist. 2005: 505–22. | CrossRef |
  25. Schonhaut B L, Armijo R I, Millán K T, Herreros A J, Hernández R K, Salgado V AM, et al. Comparación de la evaluación tradicional del desarrollo psicomotor versus una prueba autoadministrada. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2010;81(6):498–505. | CrossRef |
Vericat A, Bibiana Orden A. Psychomotor development and its disorders: between normal and pathological development. Cien Saude Colet. 2013 Oct;18(10):2977-84. | CrossRef | PubMed |

Contigo CC. Análisis de Intrumentos para la Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil de Niños (as) de 0 a 4 años en Chile. Medwave Estud Limitada. 2017: 2. [Internet] | Link |

López-Chicharro L, Lopez-Mojares J. Fisiología Clínica del Ejercicio. Editorial Medica Panamericana. 2008: 3-5.

Córdoba D. Desarrollo cognitivo, sensorial, motor y psicomotor en la infancia. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 2011;53: 1689-1699.

Kelly Y, Sacker A, Schoon I, Nazroo J. Ethnic differences in achievement of developmental milestones by 9 months of age: The Millennium Cohort Study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Oct;48(10):825-30. | CrossRef | PubMed |

Ertem IO, Krishnamurthy V, Mulaudzi MC, Sguassero Y, Balta H, Gulumser O, et al. Similarities and differences in child development from birth to age 3 years by sex and across four countries: a cross-sectional, observational study. Lancet Glob Health. 2018 Mar;6(3):e279-e291. | CrossRef | PubMed |

Saccani R, Valentini NC. Cross-cultural analysis of the motor development of Brazilian, Greek and Canadian infants assessed with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2013 Sep;31(3):350-8. | CrossRef | PubMed |

Doussoulin Sanhueza A. Psychomotor development, environmental stimulation, and socioeconomic level of preschoolers in Temuco, Chile. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2006 Summer;18(2):141-7. | CrossRef | PubMed |

Torralva T, Gugnasco I, Manso M, Sauton F, Ferrero M, O´Donnell A, et al. Desarollo mental y motor en los primeros años de vida: su relación con la estimulación ambiental y el nivel socio-económico. Arch Argent Pediatr. 1999;97(5):306–16. [Internet] | Link |

Contreras D, González S. Determinants of early child development in Chile: Health, cognitive and demographic factors. Int J Educ Dev. 2015;40:217–30. | CrossRef |

Valdes M, Spencer R. Influencia Del Nivel Socioeconomico Familiar Sobre El Desarrollo Psicomotor De Niños Y Niñas De 4 a 5 Años De Edad De La Ciudad De Talca - Chile. Theoria, Vol. 20 (2): 29-43, 2011.

Mathiesen De Gregori M, Herrera Garbarini M, Merino Escobar J, Domínguez Ramírez P. Características familiares y desarrollo en niños y niñas de dos y tres años que asisten a sala cuna. Estud pedagógicos. 2009;35(2):91–104. | CrossRef |

Álvarez MPS, Besoain C, Escobar MJ. Monoparentalidad, trabajo materno y desarrollo psicomotor infantil: Un estudio chileno en niños que asisten a salas cuna en contexto de pobreza. Univ Psychol. 2015;14(2):675–84. | CrossRef |

Soler Limón K, Rivera González I, Figueroa Olea M, Sánchez Pérez L, Sánchez Pérez M. Relación entre las características del ambiente psicosocial en el hogar y el desarrollo psicomotor en el niño menor a 36 meses de edad. Boletín Médico Hosp Infant México. 2007;64:273–87. [Internet] | Link |

Departamento de extranjería y migración. Minuta: Migración Haitiana en Chile. Minist del Inter y Segur pública. 2018.

Hernandez Sampieri R, Fernandez Collado C, Baptista Lucio M. Metodología de la investigación. McGraw-Hill; 2014;5.

Rodríguez S, Arancibia V, Undurraga C. Escala de evaluación del Desarrollo Psicomotor de 0 a 24 meses. Editor Galdoc. 1985.

Vericat A, Orden AB. Herramientas de screening del desarrollo psicomotor en Latinoamérica. Rev Chil de Pediatr. 2010;81(5):391–401. | CrossRef |

Arriagada MV. Relación entre el nivel educacional de los padres y el desarrollo psicomotor de niños y niñas de la ciudad de Talca (Chile). Rev Iberoam Psicomot y técnicas corporales. 2005;(17):5–26. [Internet] | Link |

Isaza Valencia L, Henao López GC. Influencia del clima sociofamiliar y estilos de interacción parental sobre el desarrollo de habilidades sociales en niños y niñas. Persona. 2012;253–71. [Internet] | Link |

Schonhaut BL, Maggiolo LM, De Barbieri OZ, Rojas NP, Salgado VAM. Dificultades de lenguaje en preescolares: Concordancia entre el test TEPSI y la evaluación fonoaudiológica. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2007;4(78):369–75. | CrossRef |

Council on Communications and Media, Brown A. Media use by children younger than 2 years. Pediatrics. 2011 Nov;128(5):1040-5. | CrossRef | PubMed |

Robles H. La Coordinacion y Motriicidad asociada a la madurez mental en niños de 4 a 8 años. Av Psicol. 2008;1(16):139–54. [Internet] | Link |

Anderson DR, Pempek TA. Television and very young children. American Behavioral Scientist. 2005: 505–22. | CrossRef |

Schonhaut B L, Armijo R I, Millán K T, Herreros A J, Hernández R K, Salgado V AM, et al. Comparación de la evaluación tradicional del desarrollo psicomotor versus una prueba autoadministrada. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2010;81(6):498–505. | CrossRef |