Key Words: micoplasma pneumoniae, myositis, child, pneumonia, encephalitis, peru
Abstract
One of the leading causes of pneumonia in children between 5 to 15 years is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes atypical clinical manifestations such as myositis and encephalitis. We report a 5-year-old girl who presented functional limitations of the lower extremities preceded by an upper respiratory infection. Later on, she developed pneumonia and encephalitis. Antibiotics and antivirals were administered due to the clinical deterioration of the patient. IgM serology for Mycoplasma pneumoniae was positive, while the other viral studies were negative. The clinical course was favorable with a progressive decrease in respiratory distress, sensorial disorder, and improvement in the functional limitations of the lower limbs after 15 days of treatment.
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Una de las principales causas de neumonía en niños entre 5 y 15 años es el Mycoplasma pneumoniae, una bacteria que causa manifestaciones clínicas atípicas como la miositis y encefalitis. Reportamos un caso de una niña de cinco años que presentó limitación funcional en extremidades inferiores precedida por una infección respiratoria superior. Posteriormente, se complicó con neumonía y encefalitis. Se administraron antibióticos y antivirales debido al deterioro clínico del paciente. La serología de inmunoglobulinas para Mycoplasma pneumoniae fue positiva; mientras que los demás estudios virales fueron negativos. El curso clínico fue favorable con disminución progresiva de la dificultad respiratoria, trastorno del sensorio y mejoría en la limitación funcional en las extremidades inferiores a los 15 días de tratamiento.
Authors:
Noé Atamari-Anahui [1,2], Yamali Benites-Cóndor[1], Maycol Suker Ccorahua-Rios [3], Marilyn Carmen Rodríguez-Camino [3], Evelina Andrea Rondón-Abuhadba [3], Héctor Núñez-Paucar [4]
Affiliation:
[1] Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña, Asociación de Médicos Residentes del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (AMERINSN), Lima, Perú
[2] Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Perú
[3] Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Cusco, Perú
[4] Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño – Breña, Servicio de Neumología, Lima, Perú
E-mail: noe.atamari@gmail.com
Author address:
[1] Avenida La Fontana 550, La Molina, Lima, Perú
Citation: Atamari-Anahui N, Benites-Cóndor Y, Ccorahua-Rios MS, Rodríguez-Camino MC, Rondón-Abuhadba EA, Núñez-Paucar H. Pneumonia and benign acute myositis of childhood due to Mycoplasma pneu-moniae associated with encephalitis: A case report. Medwave 2020;20(7):e8006 doi: 10.5867/medwave.2020.07.8006
Submission date: 15/4/2020
Acceptance date: 8/8/2020
Publication date: 24/8/2020
Origin: Not commissioned
Type of review: Externally peer-reviewed by three reviewers, double-blind
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- Belardi C, Roberge R, Kelly M, Serbin S. Myalgia cruris epidemica (benign acute childhood myositis) associated with a Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Ann Emerg Med. 1987 May;16(5):579-81. | CrossRef | PubMed |
- Narita M. Pathogenesis of neurologic manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Sep;41(3):159-66. | CrossRef | PubMed |
- Meyer Sauteur PM, Unger WWJ, van Rossum AMC, Berger C. The Art and Science of Diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018 Nov;37(11):1192-1195. | CrossRef | PubMed |
- Poddighe D. Extra-pulmonary diseases related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: recent insights into the pathogenesis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018 Jul;30(4):380-387. | CrossRef | PubMed |
- Oishi T, Narita M, Ohya H, Yamanaka T, Aizawa Y, Matsuo M, Matsunaga M, Tsukano S, Taguchi T. Rhabdomyolysis associated with antimicrobial drug-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 May;18(5):849-51. | CrossRef | PubMed |
- Arregui A. Miositis aguda transitoria durante enfermedad viral tipo influenza. Rev Neuropsiquiatr. 1986;49(4):188-91 | Link |
Boyd K. Back to the Basics: Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children. Pediatr Ann. 2017 Jul 1;46(7):e257-e261. | CrossRef | PubMed |Kumar S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A significant but underrated pathogen in paediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Indian J Med Res. 2018 Jan;147(1):23-31. | CrossRef | PubMed |Krafft C, Christy C. Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children and Adolescents.Pediatr Rev. 2020 Jan;41(1):12-19. | CrossRef | PubMed |Meyer Sauteur PM, Jacobs BC, Spuesens EB, Jacobs E, Nadal D, Vink C, et al. Antibody responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae: role in pathogenesis and diagnosis of encephalitis? PLoS Pathog. 2014 Jun 12;10(6):e1003983. | CrossRef | PubMed |Roussel P, Poulat AL, Romaszko JP, Labbé A, Sarret C. Formes neurologiques des infections à Mycoplasma pneumoniae : à propos de neuf cas pédiatriques [Neurological symptoms due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in nine children]. Arch Pediatr. 2015 Jul;22(7):699-707. French. | CrossRef | PubMed |Jain S, Kolber MR. A stiff-legged gait: benign acute childhood myositis. CMAJ. 2009 Nov 10;181(10):711-3. | CrossRef | PubMed |Magee H, Goldman RD. Viral myositis in children. Can Fam Physician. 2017 May;63(5):365-368. | PubMed |Cavagnaro S M F, Aird G A, Harwardt R I, Marambio Q CG. Miositis aguda benigna de la infancia: Serie clínica y revisión de la literatura [Benign acute childhood myositis: Clinical series and literature review]. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2017 Apr;88(2):268-274. Spanish. | CrossRef | PubMed |Choi SW, Ko H. Benign Acute Childhood Myositis: Perplexing Complication after Acute Viral Pharyngitis. Korean J Fam Med. 2018 Nov;39(6):375-378. | CrossRef | PubMed |Capoferri G, Milani GP, Ramelli GP, Ferrarini A, Bianchetti MG, Lava SAG. Sporadic acute benign calf myositis: Systematic literature review. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018 May;28(5):443-449. | CrossRef | PubMed |Pradhan S, Das A, Anand S. Benign Acute Childhood Myositis: A Benign Disease that Mimics More Severe Neuromuscular Disorder. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):404-409. | CrossRef | PubMed |Cardin SP, Martin JG, Saad-Magalhães C. Clinical and laboratory description of a series of cases of acute viral myositis. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015 Sep- Oct;91(5):442-7. | CrossRef | PubMed |Padilla J, Espíritu N, Rizo-Patrón E, Medina MC. Neumonías en niños en el Perú: tendencias epidemiológicas, intervenciones y avances. Rev Médica Clínica Las Condes. 2017;28(1):97-103. | CrossRef |Mackay MT, Kornberg AJ, Shield LK, Dennett X. Benign acute childhood myositis: laboratory and clinical features. Neurology. 1999 Dec 10;53(9):2127-31. | CrossRef | PubMed |Belardi C, Roberge R, Kelly M, Serbin S. Myalgia cruris epidemica (benign acute childhood myositis) associated with a Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Ann Emerg Med. 1987 May;16(5):579-81. | CrossRef | PubMed |Narita M. Pathogenesis of neurologic manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Sep;41(3):159-66. | CrossRef | PubMed |Meyer Sauteur PM, Unger WWJ, van Rossum AMC, Berger C. The Art and Science of Diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018 Nov;37(11):1192-1195. | CrossRef | PubMed |Poddighe D. Extra-pulmonary diseases related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: recent insights into the pathogenesis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018 Jul;30(4):380-387. | CrossRef | PubMed |Oishi T, Narita M, Ohya H, Yamanaka T, Aizawa Y, Matsuo M, Matsunaga M, Tsukano S, Taguchi T. Rhabdomyolysis associated with antimicrobial drug-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 May;18(5):849-51. | CrossRef | PubMed |Arregui A. Miositis aguda transitoria durante enfermedad viral tipo influenza. Rev Neuropsiquiatr. 1986;49(4):188-91 | Link |
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